【指导本科生】 |
年份 |
姓名 |
类别 |
题目 |
2022 |
闵妍涛 |
毕业设计 |
知识驱动的建筑风环境灾害评估技术 |
中文关键词: |
建筑风灾致损;机器学习;近邻检索;知识图谱 |
中文摘要: |
风灾造成的损失中,建筑风灾致损占据主要部分。因此,做好建筑风灾的灾前评估预防和灾后应对对于防灾减灾工作而言相当重要。现今已有多种策略和方法可用以研究建筑在风环境中的承受的作用及响应,以试验、计算方法为主流。这些方法往往结果精确,可迁移性强;然而各方面的成本较高,且需要一定的专业基础。因此难以适应对于更广泛、更快速的建筑风环境灾害灾前评估的需求。频发的风灾为研究提供了大量的数据,采用适当的技术手段,可以从中发掘出建筑风灾致损的相关信息和规律。据此,本课题通过收集既往风灾数据,使用机器学习、最近邻检索、知识图谱等技术方法,实现建筑风灾致损情况预测、相似案例检索、知识自动问答等功能,构建建筑风环境灾害评估平台,实现对建筑在一定风环境下可能发生的破坏的快速预测判断,并能提供相关知识,为制定风灾应对策略提供参考。
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英文关键词: |
Wind-induced damage for buildings; Machine learning; Neighbor retrieval; Knowledge grap |
英文摘要: |
As one of the most significant natural disasters in China, losses resulted from wind disaster is costly, among which the damage of buildings accounts for the main part. Hence, it is important to do well in forecasting, evaluating and responding to the damage of buildings in wind disasters for disaster prevention and mitigation. Nowadays, there are many strategies and methods to study the effect and response of buildings in the wind environment, with experimental and computing methods as the mainstream. These methods are often accurate and transferable accompanied with high cost in many aspects and requirements for professional foundation. Therefore, it is difficult to satisfy the needs for a wider and faster assessment of building wind environmental damages. Frequent wind disasters provide a large amount of data for research, where relevant information and laws can be excavated with appropriate techniques. Accordingly, this paper builds a building wind environmental disaster assessment platform by collecting previous data, with functions as damage prediction, similar case recommendation, automatic question answering achieved, utilizing machine learning, nearest neighbor search, knowledge graph along with other technical methods. It serves for providing rapid prediction and assessment of the possible damage of buildings in a certain wind environment, and offering relevant knowledge as reference to.
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2022 |
安芃 |
毕业设计 |
数据驱动下的公路工程安全领域知识提取 |
中文关键词: |
公路工程;知识图谱;安全管理;知识提取 |
中文摘要: |
公路建设工程是一类复杂的、安全风险较高的系统工程,具有工类繁多、施工流动性大、环境多变等特点,存在较大的安全风险。传统的、粗放的管理模式难以支撑有效的安全管理,公路工程领域亟待探索以知识支持为导向的精细化、高效化管理模式。目前,公路工程行业已积累了大量安全生产资料可供行业人员参考,但对于如何从来源各异、价值密度低的海量数据中快速、精准地查询到所需知识,尚缺少行之有效的办法。基于此,本研究立足于公路工程安全管理领域,以数据驱动为导向,利用知识提取的方法构建了公路工程安全领域的大型知识图谱和领域专业术语库,并提供基于知识图谱的智能化知识支持解决对策,具体工作包括:构建公路工程安全管理领域的知识建模体系,从特征、过程、管理、组织、对象、要素等多维度进行知识分解,形成面向全种类、全生命周期扩展的多维度的公路工程安全领域层状知识体系,作为知识提取的本体层结构。实现面向公路工程安全数据的知识提取过程。基于采集到的公路工程安全领域的海量数据,设计以自然语言处理为基础的知识提取算法流程,完成领域知识的自动化提取。结合关系类型的扩展和规则的提取,构建领域专业术语库,引导算法流程的局部优化,以提升知识提取结果的准确度。对生成的知识结构进行实体、关系、数据的融合,形成大型知识图谱,作为知识提取的数据层。面向应用场景,对知识图谱结构进行加工和重组。分析知识图谱在实际应用场景中所需的结构组织形式,对知识图谱本体层和数据层进行关联,并以术语库为重要依托,实现数据层向本体层的自动化扩展。进而基于本体层和数据层之间的映射,进行知识结构的局部加工和重新组织,以支持实际场景中的应用需求。
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英文关键词: |
Highway Construction Engineering; Knowledge Graph; Safety Management; Knowledge Extraction |
英文摘要: |
Highway construction is a complex and high-risk systematic engineering with quantities of work branches, high mobility and changeable environment, which brings about great safety risks. Since the traditional and extensive management mode is difficult to support effective safety management, it is urgent to explore a refined and efficient management mode guided by knowledge support in the realm of highway engineering. At present, a large number of safety production data has been accumulated in the highway engineering industry for the personnel to refer to, yet in practical application, there still exists a deficiency of effective solutions to get the quick and accurate access to the required knowledge from the massive data with different sources and low value density. Therefore, based on the field of highway engineering safety management and driven by data, this research aims at applying knowledge extraction method to build a large-scale knowledge map and a professional term database within the domain, and providing intellectual knowledge support solutions based on knowledge graph.Specific contents include: Build the knowledge modeling system related to highway engineering safety management, and decompose the knowledge from the multi-dimensional aspects of characteristics, process, management, organization, objects and elements. Further, produce a multi-dimensional layered knowledge system in the realm of highway engineering safety oriented to the expansion of full category and full life cycle. It is used as the ontology layer for knowledge extraction. Realize the knowledge extraction process for highway engineering safety data. Based on the collected massive data, an automated knowledge extraction procedure based on natural language processing is designed to accomplish the extraction of domain knowledge. Combined with the expansion of relationship types and the extraction of textual rules, a professional term database is constructed to guide the local optimization of algorithm procedure, so as to improve the accuracy of knowledge extraction results. The generated knowledge structure is further fused with entities, relationships and data to form a large-scale knowledge map, which is used as the data layer for knowledge extraction. Oriented to application scenarios, the knowledge map structure is further II processed and reorganized. This research analyzes the knowledge structure and organization format required in the actual application scenario, associates the ontology layer and the data layer of the knowledge map, and realizes the automatic expansion from the data layer to the ontology layer based on the important support of term database. Then, relying on the mapping relationships between ontology layer and data layer, the knowledge structure is locally processed and reorganized to support the application requirements in the actual.
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2021 |
张嘉鸿 |
毕业设计 |
多源BIM/GIS数据集成与轻量化技术研究 |
中文关键词: |
FBX;轻量化算法;网格简化;顶点重要度;模型特征因子 |
中文摘要: |
为了解决我国乡村住宅设计与建造中由于信息化程度低下而导致的一系列问题,我们提出建立一个面向乡村住宅的基于Web的GIS与BIM轻量化平台。目前,平台的集成工作与轻量化工作尚未完成。本文基于FBX SDK提出了一种文件的自动集成方法,该方法具有自动化与可拓展的特点。本文提出了一种基于顶点重要度的网格简化算法,该算法用顶点重要度与模型特征因子控制模型的简化过程,在简化过程中保护乡村住宅模型的轮廓与细节特征。这两种技术扩充了平台的使用场景,提高了平台的模型处理能力,有利于平台的推广使用。
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英文关键词: |
FBX; Lightweight algorithm; Mesh Simplification; Vertex Importance; Model Characteristic Factor |
英文摘要: |
In order to solve the problems caused by the low level of informatization in the de-sign and construction of rural housing in China, we propose to set up a lightweight plat-form of GIS and BIM based on Web for rural housing. At present, data integration and lightweight has not been completed. Based on FBX SDK, this paper puts forward an integration method for FBX files, which is automatic and extensible. This paper puts forward a lightweight algorithm for rural residential information model. Vertex im-portance and model feature factor are used to control the process of mesh simplification, so that the contour and details of the model can be better protected. These two technolo-gies expand the applicable scenarios of the platform, improve its model processing ability, and are conducive to the dissemination of the platform.
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2020 |
刘毅 |
毕业设计 |
建筑领域知识库自动构建技术研究 |
中文关键词: |
建筑;知识图谱;网络爬虫;标注工具 |
中文摘要: |
随着我国建筑行业的高速发展,建筑领域在各个方面积累了大量的原始数据,如何从这些琐碎的数据中获取结构化的知识成为了行业智能化所面临的新问题。本文提出了从万维网上获取建筑领域文本数据的两种方式,获取了大量的文本数据。在实体提取和关系抽取过程中,我们分别应用和评估了BiLSTM-CRF模型、ResCNN模型,结果表明它们具有良好的性能。此外,我们设计并实现了具有预标注功能的实体标注工具,以期解决建筑领域标注数据缺乏的问题。
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英文关键词: |
AEC; knowledge graph; web crawler; annotation tool |
英文摘要: |
With the rapid development of the AEC industry in China, a large volume of original data have been accumulated in the industry. How to obtain structured knowledge from these trivial data has become a new problem faced by the intelligentization of the industry. In this paper, we proposed two methods of obtaining text data of the field of AEC from the Internet, and in turn extracted a large volume of text data. The BiLSTM-CRF model and ResCNN model are respectively applied and evaluated in the process of entity extraction and relationship extraction, and the results demonstrated good performance. In addition, we designed and implemented an entity annotation tool with pre-annotation function, in order to solve the problem of the shortage of annotated data in the field of AEC.
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2019 |
吴浪韬 |
毕业设计 |
建筑机电领域知识的自动获取 |
中文关键词: |
MEP;知识图谱;自然语言处理;命名实体识别;关系抽取 |
中文摘要: |
建筑MEP领域是建筑工程中的重要内容,是建筑在运维期得以正常工作的重要基础。得益于我国在近十几年中建筑行业的高速发展,MEP领域在各个项目档案、技术规范、学术文献、社区讨论中都积累了丰富的资料,若能利用其中的数据和信息,那么对于MEP在设计和运维阶段的自动化实现都能有相当大的帮助。同时,随着NLP技术和知识工程在近年来的探索与成熟,我们希望能够通过NLP相关技术,抽取MEP领域文档信息,以帮助我们更好的推进 MEP 领域智能化实现。在本文中,我们将针对MEP领域语料库,使用LSTM进行命名实体识别,然后使用CNN进行关系抽取。这两步都将基于远程监督和bootstrap的思想来尽可能的提高标注效率和预测质量,同时这两步得到的成果将整理为三元组构成知识图谱中的数据层。另外,在本文中将对这一数据层使用neo4j以及基于Django的web服务进行可视化展示。
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英文关键词: |
MEP; knowledge graph; NLP; NER; relation extraction |
英文摘要: |
The field of building MEP(mechanism, electrical, pumping) is an important part of building engineering, as well as an important basis for building to work normally during operation and maintenance. Thanks to the rapid development of the construction industry in China in recent decades, the field of MEP has accumulated abundant information in various project archives, technical specifications, academic papers and community discussions. If the data and information can be used, it will be of great help to the automatic implementation of MEP in the design and operation stage. At the same time, with the exploration and maturity of NLP technology and knowledge engineering in recent years, we hope that we can extract information from MEP domain document through NLP related technology, so that it can help us better promote the Intelligent Implementation of MEP domain. In this paper, we will use LSTM for named entity recognition in MEP domain text corpus, and then use CNN for relation extraction. These two steps will be based on the idea of “remote supervise”and “bootstrap” to improve the labeling efficiency and prediction quality as much as possible. At the same time, the results of these two steps will be sorted out into triples to form the data layer in the knowledge graph. At the same time, this data layer will be visualized using neo4j and Django-based web services.
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2018 |
冷烁 |
毕业设计 |
盾构机实时监测数据挖掘与分析 |
中文关键词: |
盾构机;数据挖掘;关联规则;分类;神经网络 |
中文摘要: |
随着城市对地下空间的开发利用,盾构机作隧道结构施工的大型综合性设备应用日趋广泛。盾构机在施工过程中,将记录大量监测数据,这些数据反映了盾构机的工作状态,对施工质量、成本与安全具有重要意义,但由于其数据量大、影响因素多等特点,目前利用率仍然较低。针对上述问题,本文将数据挖掘技术应用于盾构机监测数据中,对盾构机数据实时挖掘与分析技术进行深入研究。首先,本文分析了盾构机的系统组成以及监测数据的物理意义,随后分别实现了三类数据挖掘技术的应用。借助关联规则发现算法,本文对盾构机参数间的关系进行挖掘,并对挖掘结果进行解释说明,给出关联规则代表的的实际施工规律。借助分类算法,本文由盾构机监测数据构造决策树模型,实现了对盾构机所处地层的实时预测,并构建三维地质模型对挖掘结果进行可视化展示。借助 BP 神经网络,本文实现了对盾构机掘进速度的预测,通过预测值与实际数据对比,进一步给出了可能存在异常的施工工段。经实际数据验证,本文所采用的算法预测精度高、输出质量好,计算时间可满足实时分析要求。数据挖掘结果可为盾构施工提供信息参考,规避隧道施工风险,提高盾构机掘进效率。
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英文关键词: |
Tunnel boring machine; Data mining; Association rule; Classification; Neural network |
英文摘要: |
With the development of underground space in cities, the use of tunnel boring machines(TBM) as large-scale comprehensive equipment for tunnel construction has become increasingly widespread. During the construction process, a large number of
monitoring data will be recorded, which reflects the working status of TBM and is of great significance to construction quality, cost and safety. However, the current data utilization rate is still low due to its abundance of records and influencing factors. To solve the problems above, a data mining method is applied to TBM monitoring data and an in-depth study on real-time TBM data mining and analysis is conducted. First, this paper analyzes the system composition of the TBM and the physical meaning of its monitoring data, and then realizes the application of three types of data mining techniques. With the use of association rule discovery algorithm, the relationship among TBM parameters is discovered and the construction law is given by the explanation of mining results. Classification algorithm helps construct a decision tree model which realizes the real-time prediction of stratum on which TBM is located, and the classification results is visualized by a three-dimensional geological model. Through the introduction of BP neural network, this paper realizes the prediction of tunneling speed of TBM. And the construction section with possibility of abnormality is further given by comparing the predicted value with the actual data. The case study shows that the algorithm used in this paper has high prediction accuracy, good output quality and short
calculation time which can meet the requirements of real-time analysis. The results of data mining can provide information for shield construction, avoid construction risks, and improve tunneling efficiency.
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2018 |
张劭琨 |
毕业设计 |
基于图像识别的路面损伤识别技术 |
中文关键词: |
路面图像;损伤识别;卷积神经网络 |
中文摘要: |
随着我国公路化建设的不断深入,行车荷载、施工维修和自然侵蚀等因素所造成的路面损伤在道路使用过程中产生的负面影响越来越不可忽视。及时地检测和识别这些路面损伤对道路的正常使用和长久使用便具有重要的意义。卷积神经网络等图像识别技术的成熟,提供了一个可以利用机器自动识别替代人工识别的机会。
本课题将利用图像识别技术,研究其在路面损伤识别领域的应用。通过研究学习基于卷积神经网络的图像识别技术的理论支撑和实现路径,探究各类平台和深度学习框架的特征与优劣,总结归纳研发背景和用户环境等需求分析,设计相应的路面损伤识别实现流程和程序代码,解决该领域在实际工程的应用问题。
本研究根据上述技术方案,开发了基于图像识别的路面损伤识别系统,并在实际工程中完成了检测和改进。应用表明,使用图像识别技术进行路面损伤识别的应用开发能够满足对主要路面损伤种类进行识别的需求,同时也支持在其他图像识别领域的迁移,是一个值得深入研究的技术领域。
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英文关键词: |
pavement images; damage recognition; convolutional neural networks |
英文摘要: |
With the continuous developing of China’s highway construction, the negative impacts of road damage caused by factors such as vehicle load, construction maintenance, and natural erosion are increasingly becoming more and more important. The timely detection and identification of these road damages is of great significance for the normal and long-term use of the road. The maturation of image recognition technologies such as convolutional neural networks provides an opportunity to use automatically recognizing machines to replace artificial recognition.
This topic will use image recognition technology to study its application in the field of pavement damage recognition. Through researching and learning the theoretical support and implementation path of image recognition technology based on convolutional neural network, the characteristics and advantages and disadvantages of various platforms and deep learning frameworks are explored, and needs analysis of the R&D background and user environment are summarized, and the corresponding pavement damage identification is designed. Realize the process and program code, and solve the application problem of the field in the actual project.
Based on the above technical scheme, this study developed a pavement damage identification system based on image recognition, and completed detection and improvement in actual projects.
The application shows that the use of image recognition technology for road damage identification application development can basically meet the needs of the classification of the main road damage, but also supports the migration in other image recognition areas, is a very promising, worthy of in-depth exploration of the technology.
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2017 |
袁爽 |
毕业设计 |
面向智能运维的室内照明系统研究和开发 |
中文关键词: |
智能运维;照明系统;信息物理系统;模式识别;机器学习 |
中文摘要: |
随着我国社会经济的发展和科学技术的进步,对于智能建筑的需求也开始逐渐上升。传统的智能建筑解决方案,虽然在一定程度上实现了建筑系统的自动化,但是通常是基于一套预设的判断条件,对变化的建筑环境和人缺乏适应能力。近年来快速发展的发展的人工智能技术为解决这一问题带来了转机。本课题针对建筑运维系统中的子系统照明系统,根据信息物理系统的架构,设计和提出了一套智能照明系统解决方案。本文首先提出了基于 Arduino 和树莓派等低智能设备,使用多种传感器实现信息采集系统,同时利用基于 ZigBee协议的智能照明设备作为实现器。然后,本文提出了基于被动学习策略的改进的聚类分析算法,来进行用户的模式识别,并使系统对用户行为具有适应性;同时提出了改进感知哈希算法和 SIFT 算法,进行图像距离计算和用户行为识别,保证了系统运行的准确性和流畅性。本文还基于 HTTP 协议设计了网络系统。之后,本研究对系统进行了实现并作了实例测试,系统稳定性、准确性和适应性良好。本研究的解决方案能够推广到其他运维系统,提高运维智能化程度,并在工业智能运维产品中加以应用。
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英文关键词: |
intelligent operation and maintenance; lighting system; cyber-physical system; pattern identification; machine learning |
英文摘要: |
With the development of China’s economy and advancements in science and technology, the demand for intelligent buildings is also on the rise. However, traditional solutions to building intelligence rely on pre-set conditions to perform, therefore although automate maintenance and operation systems to some extent, lag behind in adjusting to changing environments and occupants. Artificial intelligence technology, which underwent dramatic progress in recent years, shed light on this problem. This paper focuses the lighting system, a subsystem of the maintenance and operation system of buildings, and designs an intelligent lighting system solution based on cyber-physical system architecture. This paper first proposes utilizing sensors, based on low-intelligence devices such as Arduino microcontroller and Raspberry Pi to assembly the information collecting system, and utilizing pre-manufactured programmable lights,
which are based on ZigBee protocol, to assembly actuators. Then this paper proposes an improved clustering algorithm based on passive learning strategy, to perform pattern identification on occupants, while enabling the system to adjust to behaviors of occupants. This paper proposes along improved perceptual hash algorithm and improved SIFT algorithm to calculate similarity of pictures and identify occupants’ actions. This paper also assemblies networking system using HTTP protocols. The proposed design is implemented and a test is carried out, which came out to show the robustness, accuracy and adjusting ability are all acceptable. The result of this research can be applied in other operation and maintenance subsystems and improve its intelligence level, while also carries a prospect of industrial application.
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2017 |
王石雨 |
毕业设计 |
基于IFC和监测数据的水厂水位动态模型及其应用研究 |
中文关键词: |
IFC;BIM;监测;运维管理;水位动态模型 |
中文摘要: |
在再生水厂的运行过程中,可能发生来水量骤增等不利情况,如果对再生水位各区域的水位调控不当,内部机电设备将会被水淹没,进而影响整个水厂的运转,造成重大损失。本研究针对以上问题,基于IFC(Industry Foundation Classes,工业基础类)标准和监测数据,建立再生水厂水位动态模型,并应用到再生水厂水位调控过程中,增强再生水厂运维过程中应对危机的能力。首先,通过对IFC标准的信息存储结构进行研究,利用属性及扩展的方式对IFC进行扩展,实现水位和水量监测信息在IFC中的表达,为再生水厂动态模型的建立奠定基础。然后,并对再生水厂内的监测系统组成进行调研,并对BIM(Building Information Model/Modeling,建筑信息模型/建模) 与水厂监测数据集成的方法进行了研究。接着,基于人工神经网络算法实现再生水厂来水量预测,建立计算模型实现水厂各区域水位的动态模拟预测和分析。最后,基于课题组已有的BIM-FIM平台开发基于BIM的水厂水位控制系统,并将其应用到槐房再生水厂的运维管理过程中。应用结果表明,该系统能够辅助水厂管理人员进行水区信息和控制节点信息的可视化查询、水位分析预测等,提高运维效率。
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英文关键词: |
IFC; BIM; monitoring; operation and maintenance management; dynamic model of water level |
英文摘要: |
In the process of the operation in the recycling water plant, there may be some unfavorable conditions such as sudden increase of the amount of water. If the water level is improperly controlled, the electromechanical equipment will be flooded, and correspondingly, the operation of the whole water plant will be influenced. Based on the IFC standard and monitoring data, I established the dynamic model of the water level and applied it to operation period of the water level to enhance its ability of handling with unpredictable accidents. Firstly, I studied data structure of IFC standard, and extended it to achieve the expression of water level and monitoring data. Then, I learned about the composition of the monitoring system in the recycling water plant and the method of integrating the BIM with monitoring data. Next, based on the artificial neural network, I established a forecasting model, and used it to predict and analysis the water level. Finally, I developed the BIM-based water level control system based on the BIM-FIM platform and applied it to the operation and management of the Huaifang Recycling Water Plant. The application results showed that the system could assist the manager to carry out the visualization of water information and control node information, analysis and forecast of water level, and improvement on the efficiency of operation and maintenance.
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2016 |
肖亚奇 |
毕业设计 |
跨移动架构下基于BIM的竣工交付App研究与开发 |
中文关键词: |
BIM;移动应用;跨平台架构;竣工交付; |
中文摘要: |
目前对于BIM在运维管理中的应用是建筑全生命期各阶段中的热点研究领域。针对竣工交付工程中的信息整合与传递,目前虽然对于交付内容和技术有一定研究基础,但缺乏适用于现场交付的移动端App等相关辅助工具。。而要自主开发基于BIM 的运维App,一个较为重要的问题便是需要解决移动终端不同操作系统的兼容性。本文将利用跨平台架构,研究基于BIM-FIM扩展的竣工交付移动应用,通过对跨平台开发技术的比较分析和深入探讨Phonegap的实现原理,提出基于BIM的跨平台移动架构。然后通过对移动运维关键技术的研究,包括二维码扫描与构件识别、移动交付模型的信息集成与关联、移动端图形平台开发等,给出相关功能的实现方法。本研究根据上述技术方案,开发了基于BIM的跨平台竣工交付App,并进行了应用测试。应用表明,使用跨平台技术进行BIM移动应用开发基本能够满足BIM相关功能的需求,同时也支持相关功能的扩展,是一个十分有潜力,值得深入探索的架构。
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英文关键词: |
BIM; mobile application; cross-platform; delivery of completion |
英文摘要: |
The BIM-based facility management system that is currently applied in a broad range of applications and research. This study focuses on the intergration and delivery of completion model. Although there is a certain basis for the content and technology of delivery of completion model,we still need some mobile Apps and other related tools for the onsite delivery. As for developing BIM-based App, One of the difficulties is mobile application programs today require frequent cross-equipment compatibility. Using cross-platform development technology, this study developed a mobile application on the basis of BIM-FIM. First, based on the comparative analysis of cross platform development technology and the realization principle of Phonegap, this paper proposed a reasonable BIM-based FM cross-platform framework. Then, this paper discussed some key technologies of mobile FM and proposed implement methods of them, including the QR code scanning and component identification, the integration and connection of information for completion BIM model and the development of mobile 3D graphic platform. The BIM-based mobile App for FM was implemented and tested. The application shows that the use of cross-platform technology in BIM mobile application development can satisfy the needs of partial functions of BIM application and supports the extension of relevant functions. This framework has high potential and is worth further exploring. I will use this as the basis to further explore the cross-platform development of mobile applications in the BIM-based FM.
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2015 |
彭阳 |
毕业设计 |
运维BIM信息挖掘技术研究 |
中文关键词: |
BIM;运维;信息挖掘;聚类;频繁模式;离群点 |
中文摘要: |
建筑工程运维阶段具有时间跨度大、涉及人员多的特点,在信息的获取和利用方面具有诸多困难,BIM的提出与应用为建筑工程运维管理带来了集成化的变革,但仍存在着研究不充分、数据利用困难的不足。本文针对运维期的大量数据集合的高效信息获取的需求,首先分析了BIM数据库的存储逻辑结构,构造了数据仓库。然后对运维阶段可能用到的三种信息挖掘技术做了深入研究和应用。在聚类分析中,以大型建筑在运营维护期产生的大量设备维护维修数据为算例,进行了完整的聚类过程。然后讨论了四种聚类情况,给出在运维管理中的应用方法。在频繁模式挖掘中,以Apriori算法为基础,提出一种空间复杂度和一种时间复杂度的改进算法。在离群点分析中,针对检测BIM中文件关联错误的需求,对关联构件的属性和文件名施行离群点检测过程。本研究还提出一种衡量检测离群点结果准确度的方法。本研究所采用的算法效率高,输出结果可解读性良好。研究成果可以指导进行维修决策、预测和人员材料的部署,作为预警的根据,亦可辅助决策,做到人力资源的高效利用。促进运维阶段信息的利用效率。
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英文关键词: |
Operation and maintenance; Information mining; Cluster; Frequent pattern; Outlier |
英文摘要: |
Operation and maintenance (O&M) period of buildings involves wide time range and numerous stakeholders, which cause significant difficulty in data retrieval and application. Introducing BIM into O&M has brought integration revolution though a lack of study and trouble in data usage still exists. This paper is aimed at the need in sufficient information retrieval from large data sets during O&M. First, logical storage structure of the BIM database was analyzed, and data warehouse was constructed. Then, three potential information mining approaches in O&M were deeply studied and implemented. In cluster analysis, a complete clustering process was carried out through a calculation example of mass repair and maintenance data set during O&M in large buildings. Then four kinds of clustering result and application methods were discussed. In frequent pattern mining, one improved algorithm focused on spatial complexity and one focused on time complexity were proposed based on Apriori algorithm. In outlier analysis, towards a need in detecting match errors between BIM and files, an outlier detection was carried out in element properties and file names. Further, this paper proposed a method to evaluate the accuracy after detection. The algorithms introduced in this paper were all effective with fine comprehensibility. Study result can be a guide in repair decision, prediction and early warning, as well as assist decision making leading to efficient resource usage and high efficiency during O&M period.
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2015 |
孟欣 |
毕业设计 |
基于BIM的智能停车场系统的研究与开发 |
中文关键词: |
BIM;运维管理;停车场管理;信息查询;监测;车位分配;车位引导 |
中文摘要: |
建筑信息模型(BIM)凭借其信息共享能力和可视性等优势,在当前建筑全生命周期管理中起到了革命性的作用。将BIM技术应用于建筑运维管理阶段仍处于起步阶段,但国内外都在进行积极的尝试,BIM技术在运维管理中发展前景光明。本研究选取运维管理的一个具体方面——停车场管理进行深入的调研和研究,并尝试将BIM技术应用在停车场管理领域。目前商用停车场管理系统很多,但尚未有将BIM应用于该领域的先例。考虑到BIM技术的优势,以及当前停车场系统功能上的欠缺,因此运用BIM技术进行停车场管理,弥补当前停车场系统功能上的不足,并发挥BIM的独特优势进行功能创新很有发展前景和研究价值。因此,本研究提出了一套基于BIM的智能停车场管理技术方案,以清华大学BIM-FIM平台为基础进行二次开发。首先在BIM-FIM中建立停车场BIM模型,设计数据库,完善停车场BIM模型的数据,并在BIM-FIM实现对停车场信息的查看、修改、导入等操作。同时,集成现有的车牌识别技术,获取实时停车信息和数据在BIM-FIM上反馈给管理者。最后,针对目前小区侵占私人车位问题,在BIM-FIM平台上实现车位分配,并设计算法实现车位引导。
本研究根据上述功能设计和技术方案,开发了基于BIM的智能停车场管理系统,并在清华大学何善衡楼进行实地应用测试。测试结果表明该系统的信息显示、修改,车位状态实时检测,车位分配和引导均可正常运行和使用。该系统对将BIM技术应用于运维管理进行了尝试,并取得良好效果,表明BIM在建筑运维管理中有良好应用前景。
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英文关键词: |
BIM; Facility Management; Park Management; Park Information; Monitoring; Parking Space Allocation; Parking Space Guidence |
英文摘要: |
Recently, Building Information Modeling(BIM) has been playing a vital role in building lifecycle management with its unique advantages in sharing information and visibility. Although the application of BIM in Facility Management is still in early stages, researchers in China as well as researchers abroad are making active attempts in it. To sum up, it has a bright future to apply BIM to Facility Management and other related areas.
This study conducts an intensive and comprehensive study on car park management, which is a specific field of Facility Management, and tries to apply BIM to the field of park management. There are many commercial park management system at presents, however, none of them integrate park management with BIM. Considering that BIM has unique edge in sharing information and visibility, it’s promising and worth studying to use BIM in park management to improve current park management system and create innovative functions in the field of park management.
Therefore, this study proposes intelligent park management solutions based on BIM, which uses BIM-FIM as its basis for secondary development. Firstly, the solution builds a 3D model of car park and develops databases for the modeling of car park. After that, the solution designs a set of windows forms for users to view, edit and add the data related to car park. Meanwhile, the automatic license plate recognition module is appended to the park management solutions, which can obtain the real time data and send them back to park managers. Lastly, to cope with a growing problem that private parking spaces are frequently occupied without owners’ permission, park managers can allocate empty parking spaces to visitors using this intelligent park management system. To bring more convenience to the park managers and drivers, the system will automatically provide guidance to the drivers to access their parking spaces.
This study completes the intelligent park management system based on the functional design and technical solution above. To test the functions and efficiency of the system, this study conducted an experiment in front of Heshanheng Building in Tsinghua University, and the result shows that all the modules function properly. This intelligent park management system based on BIM made attempts in applying BIM to Facility Management and achieved good results, indicating that BIM has a bright prospect in Facility Management and is worthwhile to do more researches in this field.
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2014 |
田佩龙 |
毕业设计 |
基于BIM的机电设备运维期监测系统设计与开发 |
中文关键词: |
BIM;机电设备;运维管理;监测;集成 |
中文摘要: |
目前,国内BIM的发展如火如荼,BIM的合理运用能为建筑的规划、设计、施工和运维带来诸多好处。但是,BIM的应用主要集中在设计和施工阶段,而在建筑全生命期总成本控制的重要阶段——运维阶段的应用较少。在建筑运维管理中,机电设备的管理是非常重要的一部分,利用BIM对机电设备进行管理具有很大的前景,但是国内这方面的研究并不多,尤其在对机电设备BIM模型异构数据(运行状态的监测信息和监测数据等)的扩展和基于BIM的机电设备运行状态的监测分析等方面的研究还比较匮乏。
本研究提出了一套基于BIM的机电设备运维期监测技术方案。首先,在对建筑机电设备的组成和监测内容分析的基础上,提出基于传感器和建筑设备自动化系统的机电设备监测技术方案。然后,重点研究BIM模型监测信息的扩展,包括监测点信息和监测数据的导入接口、数据库层面监测信息的存储和访问机制、监测信息和BIM模型的关联机制等。最后,在清华大学BIM-FIM平台的基础上实现BIM模型监测信息的显示。
本研究根据上述技术方案,开发了基于BIM的机电设备运维期监测原型系统,并进行了应用测试。应用表明,该系统能够基本实现监测点信息和监测数据的导入和管理,在BIM模型中基本实现监测信息显示、历史监测信息查询、监测信息管理和机电信息查询等。该系统针对目前BIM研究比较匮乏同时又有很大价值的问题,具有较大的应用前景。
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英文关键词: |
BIM;Mechanical and electrical equipment; Facility management; Monitoring; Integration. |
英文摘要: |
At present, the domestic development of Building Information Modeling(BIM)is in its full swing. The proper use of BIM can bring a lot of benefits to the planning, design, construction and operation and maintenance of the building. However, most BIM applications mainly focus on the design and construction phaseinstead of the operation and maintenance phase, which is an important stage for the cost control of buildings' life-cycle. In buildings' operation and maintenance management, the management of mechanical and electrical equipment is a very significant section. Though the utilization of BIM for mechanical and electrical equipment management has promising future, the amount of domestic researchs in this area is not so large, especially in the area of the integration of monitoring data with building information model, and the BIM-based the monitoring and analysis of the operating conditions of mechanical and electrical equipments.
This studyput forward a set of plans on monitoring techniques of mechanical equipments' operating and maintainance process based on BIM. First, based on the composition and construction of electromechanical equipment to monitor the content analysis of the proposed scheme based on electromechanical equipment monitoring sensors and building automation systems. Then, Ifocused on the integration of monitoring data with building information model, including the import interface of the monitoring point information and the monitoring data, the storage and access mechanism of the monitoring information in database level, and the approach to integrate the monitoring information with building information model. Finally, a prototype has been implemented to display monitoring information in 3D platform. The prototype is based on the BIM-FIM, which is developed within the department of Civil Engineeing at Tsinghua University.
The BIM-based prototype system for the monitoring of electrical and mechanical equipment was implemented and tested. The application shows that the system achieved the basic import and management ofthe monitoring data, and basically realizedthe monitoring information displaying within BIM model, monitoring information management, historical monitoring information queries and electrical and mechanical information inquiries. The system has great value and application prospect.
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2013 |
张晓洋 |
毕业设计(外校) |
基于BIM的结构分析模型转换机制研究及系统开发(北京交通大学优秀毕业论文) |
中文关键词: |
BIM;结构分析模型;解析大纲;模型转换;模型显示 |
中文摘要: |
建筑信息模型(BIM)是数字技术在建筑业中的直接表达,它的提出对于整个建筑行业的信息化及其应用具有划时代的意义。现如今,BIM技术的运用对于解决建筑模型与结构模型转换、多种结构分析模型转换、结构分析模型信息全面共享以及建筑全生命期应用起着至关重要的作用。
本研究通过对结构分析模型转换机制的广泛调研学习,定义基于BIM的通用模型数据标准,通过对ETABS、SAP2000、ANSYS等结构分析软件进行研究,撰写其解析大纲,并运用C#语言编写各分析软件与BIM之间的双向接口,从而建立结构分析模型转换系统,最终实现任意两种分析模型之间的相互转换。
该转换系统提供模型显示、选择、缩放等功能,可以实现分析模型之间几何信息、截面信息、材料信息、荷载信息的成功转换,不仅可以摆脱之前繁琐的、重复性的建模工作,节省时间,提高质量,同时也为后续的结构优化提供可靠的建筑结构模型信息,具有较高的应用价值。
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英文关键词: |
BIM; structural analysis model; outline; model transformation; model display |
英文摘要: |
Building information modeling(BIM)is the direct product of digital technology, which has an epoch-making significance on the construction industry informatization and its application. Nowadays, the use of BIM technology plays a vital role in solving the conversion between building model and structure model, the conversion and comprehensive information sharing among the structural analysis models and the application through the whole lifecycle.By comprehensively researching on the transformation mechanism of the structural analysis model, we define a common BIM-based data standard. Then we write the outlines about some structural analysis softwares such as ETABS, SAP2000, ANSYS and so on. Moreover, we use C# language to build bidirectional interface between the above softwores and BIM, so as to establish the structural analysis model conversion system achieving the conversion between any two analysis modelsThe system can provide the functions of display, select, zoom of the model and achieve the conversion among the analysis models about the information of geography, section, material and load. It can not only get rid of the tedious and repetitive modeling work so as to save time and improve quality, but also provide reliable architectural and structural information model for the subsequent structural optimization. Therefore it is of high value in practice.
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2013 |
马琦 |
毕业设计 |
面向BIM的知识引擎研究与开发 |
中文关键词: |
BIM;IFD;语义分析;数据库 |
中文摘要: |
BIM(Building Information Model,建筑信息模型)技术是目前建筑行业的一种非常先进的技术管理手段。在建筑行业中应用BIM,可以有效地提高项目各参与方之间进行信息交换的准确性和效率,并有助于制订合理的施工方案,精确掌握项目进程,最终达到合理控制成本,缩短工期,提高施工质量的目的。但是目前市场上的BIM相关软件一般要求使用者具有较强的专业知识背景,对于非专业人员则很难对软件进行操作。因此现在BIM软件的使用者还主要集中于一些专业的公司和研究机构。另外,由于BIM是面向建筑全生命周期的,因此所涉及的信息量非常庞大,BIM的这一特点也会给BIM软件的使用带来麻烦。
本文所涉及的研究内容主要是,参考中国目前所制订的标准和规范,针对新型BIM平台进行了IFD(International Framework for Dictionaries,国际字典框架)数据库的整理和归纳工作,整理成树形结构,并提出了一种自动进行IFD词汇库整理的机制;利用NLPIR(Natural Language Processing and Information Rtrieval,自然语言处理与信息检索)分词工具,对用户所输入的内容进行语义分析;完成了BIM相关信息在数据库中的存储;最后初步建立了BIM信息查询系统。
本课题的目标是,通过进行相关研究,建立一个新型的BIM信息搜索平台,让那些不具备复杂专业知识的一般用户,利用本平台也可以方便地对BIM软件中的海量信息进行提取和利用,促进BIM技术的推广和普及。
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2013 |
王珩玮 |
毕业设计(合作指导) |
面向Web的BIM模型三维浏览与信息管理(清华大学优秀毕业论文) |
中文关键词: |
BIM;WebGL;HTML5;B/S;Three.js |
中文摘要: |
BIM服务器的诞生为BIM对建设全生命周期的支持提供了解决方案。虽然目前BIM服务器的主要结构为C/S架构,但随着移动平台的逐渐普及、移动技术的逐渐发展,B/S架构与移动平台的良好兼容性这一优势也渐渐凸显。同时,伴随着HTML5标准的发布,我们迎来的不仅仅是支持浏览器硬件图形加速的WebGL技术,更有一系列划时代的Web技术,它们是将来的内嵌式富互联网应用的基础。本课题旨于实现B/S架构下的BIM信息管理与模型三维浏览。
本研究通过分析BIM的模型信息范围与表达形式,创建了适合于本系统Web客户端加载与信息显示的数据接口。同时,研究了基于WebGL框架Three.js的BIM模型显示技术,并据此实现了图形平台的开发。另外,还研究了面向Web的BIM信息管理技术,实现了数据传输效率的提升以及及时信息交互功能。基于以上研究成果,最终形成了较为完整的BIM模型三维浏览与信息显管理系统。
本研究对该BIM信息系统进行了应用测试。应用表明,系统的图形平台性能稳定,渲染效果较好,能够支持较大的BIM模型;而系统为Web客户端提供了丰富的功能支持,更体现出良好的交互特性。与类似的项目成果对比能够发现,该系统具有更强的针对性和更多的功能,因而具有较大的价值与应用前景。
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英文关键词: |
BIM; WebGL; HTML5; B/S; Three.js |
英文摘要: |
The birth of the BIM Server provides a solution for BIM to support construction life cycle. The main structure of the BIM Server is C/S, but the advantage that the good compatibility of B/S with the mobile platform highlights gradually with the increasing popularity of mobile platforms and evolving of mobile technology. Meanwhile, with the release of the HTML5 standard, what we ushered is not only the WebGL which supports hardware graphics acceleration in browser, but also a series of epochal Web technologies which are the base of the future embedded rich Internet applications. This study aims to achieve the BIM information management and 3D viewing in B/S environment.This study created a data interface which is suitable for the Web client of our system to load and display information. Meanwhile, the BIM display technology based on Three.js which is a WebGL framework has been studied, and then, the graphical platform was developed by using it. In addition, the Web-oriented BIM information management technology was also studied, which realized the improvement of data transmission efficiency and timely information interaction. Based on the above research, a relatively complete system which is called BIM 3D display and information management system is finally formed.In this study, the BIM information system was applied and tested. The application shows that the graphic platform of the system has stable performance and nice rendering ability, and can support comparatively large BIM models. The system also provides rich function supports for the Web client, which shows good interactive features. Comparison with the similar projects, we can find that the system is more targeted and has more functions, which makes it has greater value and application prospect.
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2012 |
陈祥祥 |
毕业设计 |
桥梁管理系统关键技术研究与平台搭建 |
中文关键词: |
桥梁管理系统;WebGIS;退化模型;费用模型;平台搭建 |
中文摘要: |
如何对运维期的桥梁结构进行高效的评估和维护维修管理一直是桥梁管养部门和市政桥梁管理部门十分关心的问题。随着计算机的发展,桥梁管理系统应运而生。然而,当前的桥梁管理系统普遍存在着管理体系不完整、分析和评估模型落后且不准确、数据库功能不够强大、人机交互体验性不强等问题。针对这些问题,本文以研发一个广义的桥梁管理系统为目标,提出了基于桥梁全生命周期的管理方法和流程,建立了科学的桥梁分析和评估模型,给出了基于B/S架构和WebGIS地图服务的桥梁管理系统的核心技术方案。该系统具有完善的数据库管理功能,强大的模拟分析能力,科学的决策支持以及友好的人机交互界面。由于该软件工程的规模较大,系统的复杂程度高,需要分阶段开展研发工作。在现阶段,本文主要做了如下几方面的研究:
1. 简单回顾了桥梁管理系统的发展历史及现状,并介绍了桥梁管理系统的基本概念和应用,总结了国内外桥梁管理系统实践的主要经验。
2. 分析了美国Pontis系统和中国的CBMS系统的功能模块组成和系统的功能缺陷,着重对CBMS系统的问题进行了详细的剖析,总结了桥梁管理系统开发的最佳实践方法。
3. 论述了桥梁管理系统的分析与设计全过程,提出了桥梁全生命周期管理策略,并给出了符合实际的管理流程,对系统中使用的结构退化模型与费用模型进行了详细的介绍。
4. 详细讨论了基于B/S架构的桥梁管理系统的核心技术方案,并对开发过程中的技术难点进行了总结,介绍了目前系统的开发进度以及已经实现的主要功能。
5. 结合实际,对未来桥梁管理系统的发展提出了思考和展望
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2012 |
何田丰 |
毕业设计(合作指导) |
基于Revit的绿色住宅参数化建模系统研究与开发 |
中文关键词: |
绿色住宅;方案策划;BIM建模;户型拼装;Revit开发 |
中文摘要: |
住宅建设项目具有量大面广,标准化程度高,利润空间小,生产周期短的特点,因而,对住宅项目策划进行精确地进度、经济、绿色性能评价与分析至关重要。BIM(Building Information Modol,建筑信息模型)技术则可为住宅项目策划的各类分析与评价提供了完整、准确地模型和数据支持,从而完好地解决绿色住宅方案比选与决策的难题。Autodesk Revit是当前国内外广泛使用的BIM建模软件,然而,由于方案策划阶段BIM建模主要关注住宅产品定位、建筑面积、楼盘价格等宏观参数,Revit并不适用于方案策划阶段的建模。
本课题通过研究基于BIM的户型拼装、数据库、绿色建筑分析评价以及Revit二次开发技术,针对住宅项目方案策划,提出了户型拼装方法和基本的户型采光分析算法,建立了以户型拼装形成标准层、标准层复制建立建筑单体、多个建筑单体形成小区规划的BIM建模整体方案和方法,并设计了户型库。在此基础上,开发了基于Revit的绿色住宅参数化建模系统,实现了由户型到标准层,标准层到建筑单体,建筑单体到小区规划的“一条龙”建模,户型采光分析及其自动化参数导出等功能。
本研究开发的基于Revit的绿色住宅参数化建模系统应用于中建地产住宅项目方案建模,经实际应用,取得了良好的效果。验证了本研究提出的户型拼装方法和采光分析算法的有效性,户型拼装形成标准层、标准层复制建立建筑单体、多个建筑单体构成小区规划的“一条龙”建模方法的可行性。实际应用证明,本研究提出的建模方法及开发的基于Revit的绿色住宅参数建模系统,对于住宅方案策划具有较好的应用价值。
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